'Anything can happen on 'Glee' and anything certainly has, so who knows?' Criss tells MTV News of what's in store for Fox series.
By Jocelyn Vena
Source: http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1707129/darren-criss-glee-season-five.jhtml
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May 10, 2013 ? Many people express objections against child labor, exploitation of the workforce or meat production involving cruelty against animals. At the same time, however, people ignore their own moral standards when acting as market participants, searching for the cheapest electronics, fashion or food. Thus, markets reduce moral concerns. This is the main result of an experiment conducted by economists from the Universities of Bonn and Bamberg.
The results are presented in the latest issue of the journal Science.
Prof. Dr. Armin Falk from the University of Bonn and Prof. Dr. Nora Szech from the University of Bamberg, both economists, have shown in an experiment that markets erode moral concerns. In comparison to non-market decisions, moral standards are significantly lower if people participate in markets.
In markets, people ignore their individual moral standards
"Our results show that market participants violate their own moral standards," says Prof. Falk. In a number of different experiments, several hundred subjects were confronted with the moral decision between receiving a monetary amount and killing a mouse versus saving the life of a mouse and foregoing the monetary amount. "It is important to understand what role markets and other institutions play in moral decision making. This is a question economists have to deal with," says Prof. Szech.
"To study immoral outcomes, we studied whether people are willing to harm a third party in exchange to receiving money. Harming others in an intentional and unjustified way is typically considered unethical," says Prof. Falk. The animals involved in the study were so-called "surplus mice," raised in laboratories outside Germany. These mice are no longer needed for research purposes. Without the experiment, they would have all been killed. As a consequence of the study many hundreds of young mice that would otherwise all have died were saved. If a subject decided to save a mouse, the experimenters bought the animal. The saved mice are perfectly healthy and live under best possible lab conditions and medical care.
Simple bilateral markets affect moral decisions
A subgroup of subjects decided between life and money in a non-market decision context (individual condition). This condition allows for eliciting moral standards held by individuals. The condition was compared to two market conditions in which either only one buyer and one seller (bilateral market) or a larger number of buyers and sellers (multilateral market) could trade with each other. If a market offer was accepted a trade was completed, resulting in the death of a mouse. Compared to the individual condition, a significantly higher number of subjects were willing to accept the killing of a mouse in both market conditions. This is the main result of the study. Thus markets result in an erosion of moral values. "In markets, people face several mechanisms that may lower their feelings of guilt and responsibility," explains Nora Szech. In market situations, people focus on competition and profits rather than on moral concerns. Guilt can be shared with other traders. In addition, people see that others violate moral norms as well.
"If I don't buy or sell, someone else will."
In addition, in markets with many buyers and sellers, subjects may justify their behavior by stressing that their impact on outcomes is negligible. "This logic is a general characteristic of markets," says Prof. Falk. Excuses or justifications appeal to the saying, "If I don't buy or sell now, someone else will." For morally neutral goods, however, such effects are of minor importance. Nora Szech explains: "For goods without moral relevance, differences in decisions between the individual and the market conditions are small. The reason is simply that in such cases the need to share guilt or excuse behavior is absent."
Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/top_news/top_science/~3/OmJO2M2aeyQ/130510124501.htm
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Muon storage ring at Brookhaven. Credit: BNL
When NASA flew the shuttle prototype Enterprise through New York City last year, all we had to do was look out our windows at Scientific American one morning to watch it cruise past. Countless Americans got a look at one of the decommissioned shuttles as NASA paraded them around the country en route to their new homes at various museums. Part of the thrill was in getting close to the shuttles, of course, but there was also the appeal of seeing something so exotic gracing the mundane streets, the skies and the waterways of our cities.
But as large and heavy as the shuttles are, transporting them was relatively simple because their scientific lives were already over. The orbiters could withstand plenty of jostling and even a few accidental dings during shipping and handling.
Not so with a giant magnetic ring that is scheduled to traverse a good swath of the U.S. this summer. The 50-foot-wide ring, filled with superconducting coils, was built in the 1990s at Brookhaven National Laboratory on New York?s Long Island as part of an experiment to investigate the properties of the muon, a heavy, short-lived cousin of the electron. Physicists are planning to reuse the apparatus as a particle-storage ring for a new run of the experiment, called Muon g-2. The new iteration may be able to confirm an anomaly suggested by the Brookhaven data?specifically, that the muon?s spin reacts differently to a magnetic field than predicted by the Standard Model of particle physics.
The only catch is that the new experiment will take place at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, near Chicago, whose particle accelerators can produce better beams of muons. Building a new magnet there would cost far more than moving the old one. But pulling off the move will hardly be easy, as a statement from Brookhaven explains:
While most of the machine can be disassembled and brought to Fermilab in trucks, the massive electromagnet must be transported in one piece. It also cannot tilt or twist more than a few degrees, or the complex wiring inside will be irreparably damaged. The Muon g-2 team has devised a plan to make the 3,200-mile journey that involves loading the ring onto a specially prepared barge and bringing it down the East Coast, around the tip of Florida and up the Mississippi River to Illinois.
A model demonstrates how a truck will pull the Muon g-2 ring (slowly) down the street. Credit: Fermilab
The move will begin in early June and end in late July. At either end of the barge trip the magnet will travel by truck, at a crawl of no more than 10 miles per hour. But the slow-moving road trip is scheduled for nighttime?one night in New York and two nights in Illinois?to limit the traffic impact. So if you want to get a glimpse at an exotic particle-physics apparatus cruising the streets, you?ll have to do more than just look out your window.
Source: http://rss.sciam.com/click.phdo?i=717c071a861bc12c23199e3fea01e1b1
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There are roughly 2400 baseball games in a season, but depending on your TV situation, you only get a small fraction of them. That sucks, especially if you're not in your favored team's home market. Maybe one day we'll be able to order ? la carte channels
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May 8, 2013 ? Physicists are providing an all-in-one guide to help calculate the effect the use of optical tweezers has on the energy levels of atoms under study.
A small piece of paper sticks to an electrically charged plastic ruler. The principle of this simple classroom physics experiment is applied at the microscopic scale by so-called optical tweezers to get the likes of polystyrene micro-beads and even living cells to "stick" to a laser beam, or to trap atoms at ultra-low temperatures. Physicist Fam Le Kien and his colleagues from the Institute of Atomic and Subatomic Physics of the Vienna University of Technology, Austria, provide a comprehensive manual with general theoretical tools, definitions, and spectroscopic data sets for calculating the energy levels of atoms, which are modified by light emanating from optical tweezers, in a study about to be published in the European Physical Journal D.
One issue that occurs when trapping atoms with optical tweezers is that the laser beam modifies atoms' energy levels. As a result, it changes the frequency at which the atoms emit or absorb light and microwave radiation. Depending on the experiment, this effect can have important consequences and its magnitude might need to be calculated. Interestingly, the change in the energy levels can be seen as partly due to a fictitious magnetic field, induced by the light field effect on the atoms. This is akin to introducing fictitious forces when describing a body's motion in a rotating reference frame.
The authors show that these fictitious magnetic fields add up to the same effect as real magnetic fields. This will help physicists to intuitively foresee the effects that occur in their experiments when external magnetic fields either cannot be avoided or are intentionally applied. Ultimately, this all-in-one guide could be used in fundamental research as well as for applications such as quantum simulators and quantum computers.
Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/most_popular/~3/vO-1cQCjlW0/130508092916.htm
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By The Guardian
Wednesday, May 8, 2013 9:04 EDT
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Katherine Stewart: The Christian home school subculture isn?t a children-first movement. Some former students are bravely speaking out
Several decades ago, political activists on the religious right began to put together an ?ideology machine?. Home schooling was a big part of the plan. The idea was to breed and ?train up? an army of culture warriors. We now are faced with the consequences of their actions, some of which are quite disturbing.
According to the Department of Education,?the home schooling student population doubled in between 1999 and 2007, to 1.5 million students, and there is reason to think the growth has continued. Though families opt to home school for many different reasons, a large part of the growth has come from Christian fundamentalist sects. Children in that first wave are now old enough to talk about their experiences. In many cases, what they have to say is quite alarming.
When he was growing up in California, Ryan Lee Stollar was a stellar home schooling student. His oratory skills at got him invited to home schooling conferences around the country, where he debated public policy and spread the word about the ?virtues? of an authentically Christian home school education.
Now 28, looking back on his childhood, it all seems like a delusion. As Stollar explains:
?The Christian home school subculture isn?t a children-first movement. It is, for all intents and purposes, an ideology-first movement. There is a massive, well-oiled machine of ideology that is churning out soldiers for the culture war. Home schooling is both the breeding ground ? literally, when you consider the?Quiverfull concept?? and the training ground for this machinery. I say this as someone who was raised in that world.?
Too frequently, Stollar says, the consequences of putting ideology over children include anxiety, depression, distrust of authority, and issues around sexuality. This is evident from the testimonials that appear on?Home schoolers Anonymous, the website that Stollar established, along with several partners.
Stollar?s own home schooling experience started off well. But over time, as his family became immersed in the world of Christian home schooling, his ?education? became less straightforward and more ideological. ?I particularly remember my science curriculum,? he says. ?We used?It Couldn?t Just Happen, which wasn?t really a science textbook. It was really just an apologetics textbook which taught students clich? refutations of evolutionism.?
Many parents start off home schooling with the intention of inculcating their children in a mainstream form of Christianity. However, as many HA bloggers report, it is easy to get sucked into the vortex of fundamentalist home schooling because extremists have cornered the market ??running the conventions,?publishing the curricula, setting up the blogs.
As HA blogger?Julie Ann Smith, a Washington state mother of seven, says:
?If you are the average Christian home schooler with no agenda, and you have the choice between attending a secular home schooling convention and a Christian one, chances are you?ll choose the Christian convention. But they only allow certain speakers who follow their agenda. So you have no clue. What you don?t realize is that they are being run by?Christian Reconstructionists.?
Smith is referring to the Calvinist movement, founded by?Rousas John Rushdoony, that advocates a Christian takeover of the political system in order to ?purify? the nation and cleanse it of the sin of secularism. Rushdoony taught that public schools ? ?statist education,? in his words ? promote chaos, primitivism, and ?a vast disintegration into the void?. He advocated home schooling as a way to rear a generation that could carry out the mission of retaking the nation for Christ.
Much of fundamentalist home schooling is driven by deeply sexist and patriarchal ideology. The Quiverfull movement?teaches that women need to submit to their husbands?and have as many babies as they possibly can. The effects of these ideas on children are devastating, as a glance at HA?s blogs show. ?The story of being home schooled was a story of being told to sit down and shut up. ?An ideal woman is quiet and submissive,? I was told time and time again,??writes Phoebe. ?The silence and submission I was pushed into was ultimately a place of loneliness, bitterness and almost crippling insecurity.?
The fundamentalist home schooling world also advocates an extraordinarily authoritarian view of the parental role. Corporal punishment is frequently encouraged. The effects are, again, often quite devastating. ?People who experienced authoritarian parents tend to turn into adults with poor boundaries,??writes one pseudonymous HA blogger. ?It?s an extremely unsatisfying and unsustainable way to live.?
In America, we often take for granted that parents have an absolute right to decide how their children will be educated, but this leads us to overlook the fact that children have rights, too, and that we as a modern society are obligated to make sure that they get an education. Families should be allowed to pursue sensible homeschooling options, but current arrangements have allowed some families to replace education with fundamentalist indoctrination.
As the appearance of HA reminds us, the damage done by this kind of false education falls not just on our society as a whole, but on the children who are pumped through the ideology machine. They are the traumatized veterans of our culture wars. We should listen to their stories, and support them as they find their way forward.
? Guardian News and Media 2013
[Little girl in home schooling via Shutterstock]
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